Sameyntii dagalkii qabooba ee African gar'ahaan Somalia iyo Congo DRC

Sameyntii xumeed ee dagaalkii qabooba ku yeeshay Africa, isbarbardhig dilalkii Abdirashid Ali sharmarke madaxweynihii Somaliya iyo Patrice lumumba reysalwasaarihii Congo DRC.

ARAAR.

Dagalkii qabooba ee udhaxeyay dawaladii waaweyna ee kala hogaminayay xolufadooda ee kala ahaa mareykanka iyo Soviet union (USSR) waxa uu bilowday dhamadkii dagalkii 2aad ee aduunka 1945 waxa uuuna dhamaday sanadkii 1989 kadib markii uu burburay midowgii Soviet oo uu xogahayaha guud uu ka ahaa Mikhail Gorbachev.

Dagalkii 2aad ee aduunka markii uu dhamaday ee laga adkaday kooxdii (Axis powers) ee kala ahaa Germany, Italy, Japan iyo xolufadoodi ayaa guuleystayshii dagalkii 2aad ee aduunka (alliance powers) oo ay gadhwadeen ka ahayeen dawlada kala ah, mareykanka, Soviet union, ingiriis-ka iyo France, ayaa waxa dhacay 2 shir oo u dhaxeyay dawaladihii ku guuleystay dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka shirarkas waxa lakala odhan jiray (YALTA CONFERENCE) iyo (POSTDOM CONFERENCE) labaadas shir waxa ay daranayeen sidii loo qabeen lahaa nimaadka aduunka kadib dagaalkii 2aad (post- World War two order) dhan dhaqaale, siyasaded, amni, sababtoo ah dagalkii labaad markuu dhamaday wax kasta waa ay burbureen tusaalena waxa inuugu filan burburkii ururkii calamiga ahaa ee loyaqan (League of Nations)

Shirkii looyaqanay (Yalta conference) 1945

Shirkan waxa uu dhacay 4–11 February 1945, waxyar kadib markii uu dhamaday dagaalkii  2aad, oo ay guuleystayshii dagaalkii labaad (Big Three Powers) ee mareykanka, Soviet union iyo ingiriis ay guushu raacday, ayaa waxa shirkan isugu yimi madaxdii wadamadii ku guuleystay dagalkii 2aad oo kala ahaa, resyalwasaraha ingiriis-ka Winston Churchill, madaxweynihii mareykanka Franklin D. Roosevelt iyo xoghayihii guud ee midowgii Soviet Joseph Stalin. Sidan horeba usoo tibaaxay shirkan waxa uu darana sidii looga fakari lahaa sida dunida noqon lahayd kadib dagalkii 2aad ee aduunka oo waxbadan ay dhaceen taaso keentay isbadal aad uweyn oo dunida oo dhan sameyay.

Winston Churchill PM of UK, Franklin D Roosevelt president of USA and Joseph Stalin general secretary of USSR in Yalta conference.

Shirkan (Yalta conference) waxa kale oo looga hadalyay sidii wadamdii Europe ee uu qabsaday Hitler hogaamiyihii hore ee Germany oo laga xoreyay ay dib markale cagahooda isugu tagilahayeen.

Shirkii labad ee postdom conference 

Postdom conference waxa uu daba socday shirkii hore ee (Yalta conference) shirkan Postdom conference waxa uu dhacay 17 July 1945, waxana isugu yimid hogaamiyeyashii hore ugu kulamay shirkii hore marka laga reebo madaxweynihii mareykanka oo doorasho galay oo uu ku hadhay kadibna uu soobaxay madaxweyne kale, madaxdii shirka kasoo qayb gashay wax ay kala ahayeen resyalwasaraha ingiriis-ka Winston Churchill, madaxweynihii mareykanka  Harry S. Truman iyo xoghayihii guud ee midowgii Soviet Joseph Stalin, shirkan wax uu darana sidii loo qaybsan lahaa wadamadii laga adkaday gar'ahaan Germany oo loo kala qeybsaday East-Germany iyo West-Germany, sidokale shirkan waxa uu darana sidii magdhow (Reparation) loogana qadi lahaa wadamadii laga adkaday gar'ahaan Germany, Japan iyo Italy, waxakale oo intaas dheraa sidii loogu sameyn lahaa hub kadhigis loona babi'in lahaa warshadihii hubka soosari jirey ee wadamadas laga adkaday iyo sidii xayiraad dhanka hubka ah loogu soorogi lahaa Si-aysan marlabad isoo rogaal celin, waxakale oo intaas dheer waxa jirey qorshe ay guleesytayshii dagaalkii 2aad ay udajeyeen dunida oo ahaa nidamka maanta ee ay kamid tahay Qaramada midoobe, World bank, IMF iyo nidamyo kale oo badan oo looga cabir qaato nolosha bil-adamka 

Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin 

Isku dhicii xulufadii adkaday dagaalkii 2aad iyo bilowgii dagaalkii qabooba (Marshal plan) (Truman doctrine)

Dagaalkii 2aad markii uu dhamaday ee ay guuleteen xulafadii loyaqaan (Four powers) ayaa waxa loolan dhexmaray mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet USSR kasoo ka dhashtay qaybsigii iyo libintii dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka, gar'ahaan meelaha laysku helay ayaa waxa kamid ahaa Germany oo ahaa wadankii bilabay dagaal weynihii labaad ee aduunka ayaa markii laga adkaday uuna dhamaday dagaalkii ayaa waxa kala qeybsaday mareykanka iyo Soviet union oo ku guul-dareystay  iney hal maamul usameeyan, waxkale oo mareykanka iyo Soviet union sabab u ahaa khilaafkooda dhanka caqiidada siyasadda (political thought) mareykanka iyo xulafadiisi waxa ay calanka uwadeen afakar ladhaho (Liberal) oo salka ku heysay furdurnan iyo (democratic system) halka taas cagsigeeda uu Soviet union uu calanka usiday (Hantiwadaag) taaso kaduuleysa aragtida ah waxkasta dawlada ayaa masuul ka ah oo majiraan wax gooni looleyahya, waxana bilowday loolankii udhaxeyay mareykanka iyo Soviet union,

Dagaalkii 2aad markuu dhmaday Europe awoodedi dhaqaale iyo sameyn ee dunida hoos ayay udhacday waxa ayna noqotay meel ay ku hardamaan mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet, heer wax ay gadhay Europe lakala shukansado iyadoo loo marayo dhaqaale iyo farsamooyin kale oo siyaasaded, tusaale sanadkii 1948 ayaa dawlada mareykanka waxa Latimid qorshe looyaqanay (Marshal plan) wax ayna 13. 3 Billion dollar oo gargar ah ugu deeqday wadamadii Europe gar'ahaan kuwii xulufada la,ahaa sida Ingiriis-ka iyo farnces-ka kuwaaso samey weyn ay kasoo gadhay dagalkii 2aad kuna xoolo beelay, dhaqalahan uu mareykanku ugu deeqay wadamadan ma ahayn sadaqo ee siyasada uu kulahaa waxa ay ahayd sidii uu ukasban lahaa wadaman oo ay ugu noqon lahayeen kuwo udhago nugul sidii dhacday dagaalkii qabooba,

Wakale oo jirey waqtigan oo ahayd bilowgii dagaalkii qabooba qorshihii looyaqanay (Truman doctrine) kasoo ahaa qorshe siyasada arimo dibaded oo uu alifay madaxweynihii waqtigaas ee mareykanka Truman kasoo ujedadisu ahayd sidii looga hortagi lahaa fidid midowgii Soviet iyo  sameyntiisa Europe gar'ahaan Greece iyo Turkey,

Qalalasihii Cuba ee sawariiqda (Cuba missile crisis) 1962

Markii ugu horeysay ee tariikhda intii uu socday dagaalkii qabooba ugu halista badneyd in la-isticmaalo hubka aadka halista u ah ee looyaqan (nuclear) ayay ahyd "Cuba missile crisis 1962" arintan waxa dhalatay kadib markii mareykanka uu isku dayay inuu inqilaab kusameyo uuna xukunka katuuro hogaamiyihii hore ee (Cuba) Fidel Castro kaaso ahaa shuuci aad ugu dhow midowgii Soviet oo ahaa gacantii midig ee midowgii Soviet, sidokale Fidel Castro waxa uu ahaa madaxweynihii hore ee Cuba sidan kawar qabnana wadanka Cuba waxa uu juquraafi ahaan ku yaala (Latin America) waxakel oo xusid mudan in Cuba ay daris latahay wadanka mareykanka oo xudud kala dhaxeeyo, waana tan sababta ku kaliftay inuu mareykanku isku dayo inuu inqilaab kusameeyo Fidel Castro si meesha looga saaro shuuciyada oo lookeno hogaamiye rer galbeedka lafikir ah, sidokalena looga hortago fidida iyo id-baladhinta midowga Soviet ee qaramad America, lakin Fidel Castro waxa uu qaylo dhan udirsaday xoghayihii guud ee midowgii Soviet nikita Khrushchev si uu ubad-badiyo oo gacan u siiyo inta aan lacunin, midowga Soviet waxa uu usoodiray dhanka Cuba ee badda marakiib xanbarsan sawiirqada nuclear-ka taaso dhalisay khatar amni oo calamiya sanadkii 1962, mudo xiisad ay tagneed oo udhaxeysay mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet oo markiibtisa nuclear-ka xanbrata keenay biyaha udhaxeya mareykanka iyo Cuba waxa ay ku dhamatay in heshiis laga gaadho oo xaladana ladajiyo, mareykanku wax uu ogoladay inuu faraha kaqadayo hogaamiyihii Cuba Fidel Castro, halka midowgii Soviet uu ogoladay inuu madaxyadii nuclear-ka uu keenay Cuba uu dib ula baxaayo, 

Hagardamadii iyo curyamintii Dagalkii qabooba ee Africa

Guud ahaan qaradda africa marka laga reebo Ethiopia iyo Liberia inteeda kale waxa ay ku jirtay gacanta gumeystihii rer Europe wixii ka horeyay dagaalkii 2aad ee aduunka, Kadib dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka dunida waxa ka dhacay isbadalo waaweyn oo ay kamid tahay in dadkii la gumeysan jiray ay xornimo helaan halgankasina waxa uu ka bilowday India,

Marka la-joogo cilmibaadhista tariikhda Africa Sanadka 1960 waxa loyaqaan (the year of Africa) sababtuna waxa ay tahay waa sanadkii baddi wadamadda Africa ay xornimadooda ay qateen, nasiib darase baddi wadamada Africa waxa ay kusoo beegmeen xiligii dagalkii qabooba ee udhaxeyay mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet uu marayay meelsare, loolankii udhaxeyay mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet waxa uu darana dhanka Siyaasadda, Dhaqaalaha, Hubka, Tartanka Hawadda Sare iyo Helida xulufo iyo gashan buursi,

Quwadaha kalaha ah mareykanka iyo Soviet union waxa ay juhdi badan ku bixiyeen sidii wadamada African-ka ee xurimadda qatay ay ukala shukansan lahayeen iyagoo kusoo jidanaya Dhaqaale, Deeqo waxbarasho, Deeq Hub iyo Mashariic, ujeedaduna ay tahay sidii gacanta loogu dhigi lahaa wadmadas Khayradkooda (Geoeconomic) iyo goobaha muhiimka ah ee kuyalan (geostrategic) iyo sidii looga gadi lahaa Afkartoodi siyasaded sida Hantiwadaag iyo Hantigoosad,

Hagardamooyinkii dagalkii qabooba uu kuyeshay Africa waxa kimad ahaa inqilaabyo, shirqoolo iyo dilal madaxada African-ka, abuurid Kaligood Taliyaal, iyo isku hubeyn dawladaha African-ka dhexdooda

Sameyntii dagaalkii qabooba Somaliya iyo dilkii madaxweynihii hore ee Somaliya Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke

Somaliya waxa ay xornimada qadatay sanadkii 1960-kii mudo yar kadib Somaliya waxa ay dhex oroday loolankii udhaxeyay mareykanka iyo midowgii Soviet, tusaale sanadkii 1962 ayaa reysalwasaarihii hore ee Somaliya Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke ayaa uu tagay wadanka mareykanka waxa uuna la kulmay madaxweynihii mareykanka ee waqtigaas Joneph Kennedy, safarka Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke waxa uu darana sidii uu saanad ciidan uu mareykanku usiin lahaa Somaliya oo waqtigaas xurguf dhanka xududka ah ay kala dhexeysay Ethiopia iyo keneya, lakin dawlada mareykanka waxa ay kaga jawaabtay codsigii Somaliya ee hub radinta diidmo, waxa uuna madaxweynihii mareykanka joneph Kennedy uu u sheegay Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke ineysan somaliya hadda u bahneyn saanad ciidan iyo iney Somaliya dhisato ciidan xoogan taas badalkeedna Somaliya ay ubaahan tahay ciidamo police-ah mareykankuna uu taas gacan kasiin doono Somaliya,

Reysalwasaare Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke waxa uu Washington kala soo-labtay waji gabax iyo diidmo taas badalkeedna Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke wax uu aaday dhanka (Moscow) Soviet union halkaas oo uu kahelay qalbi furnan iyo soodhaweyn, sanadkii 1963 ayaa gudoomiyihii hore ee barlamaanka Somaliya jamac Abdilaahi qalib (in-diirqadhadh) uu Moscow udhoofay inta uusan mugdisho ka bixin ayaa reysalwasaare Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke uu fariin sira uu ugu sii dhibay hogamihii hore ee midowgii Soviet Nikita Khrushchev taaso uu ku codsanayo inuu hub iyo saanad ciidan uu siiyo somaliya midowgii Soviet, safiirkii Somaliya ee midowgii Soviet ee waqtigaas Danjire sare Axmed mohamed Aden (qaybe) ayaa farintii uu Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke uu usoo dhiibay gudoomiye barlamaanka jamac Cabdulahi qalib (in-diirqadhadh) uu soogadh siyay Danjire Axmed maxamed aden Qaybe ka dibna safiir Qaybe fariintii sirta ahyd wax uu gadhsiyay xoghayihii guud ee midowgii Soviet Nikita Khrushchev kadib ayaa uu codsaday nikita Khrushchev iney la kulmaan gudoomiye jamac Abdilaahi qalib iyo danjire qaybe waxana loosadiray diyaarad nooc looyaqaan (Helicopter) taaso geeysay badda madow (Black sea) halkaas oo uu joogay oo uu nasniino ku qadanayay xoghayihii guud ee midowgii Soviet nikita Khrushchev, gudoomiye Cabdulahi jamac qalib iyo safiir axmed maxamed aden Qaybe markii ay codsigii ay lawadageen nikita Khrushchev waxa uu su'aalay iney madaxada iyo dawalada Somaliya ay isku racsan yihiin go'aankan, sidokale wax uu nikita Khrushchev usheegay labadii oday "wax aan bixino wax ugu fudud hub hadaan nahay midowga Soviet lakin hubkan waxa uu inii soo jiidi doona cadow badan ee sas ula socda hadad somali tihiin"

Xasuus qorkii buugi danjire axmed maxamed aden (qaybe)

Somaliya waxa xirir fiican layelatay midowgii Soviet kadib markii midowgii Soviet uu Somaliya sanad ciidan uu ka gaday qarna ugu deeqay, Somaliya iyo rer galbeed-na waa ay kala gacan furteen waxase xusid mudan iney Somaliya xirirkii ujartay dawaladii ingiriis-ka kadib Afti dadweyne oo kadhacaday NFD (northern Front district) waa degaanka somalida ee kenya, aftidii ka dhacday halkaas 90% wax ay dadkii somaliyeed ucodeeyeen iney Somaliya ku biraan lakin ingiriis-ka ayaa musuqmasuqay oo wax isdaba mariyay taaso keentay iney dawaladii Somaliya ee uu Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke reysalwasaaraha ka ahaa uu ujaro xirirka dawaladii ingiriis-ka sanadkii 1962.

Abdirashid Ali sharmarke 

Tan iyo ilaa 1967 Somaliya iyo rer galbeedka wax xirir fiican ah kama uusan dhaxeyn somaliyana waxa ay aad isula jaanqadeen midowgii Soviet oo gar'ahaan wasaradda gashan dhiga gacanta ku dhigay haday tababaro ciidan noqonayso iyo haday saanad ciidan noqonayso labaddaba waxaa hantiyay midowgii Soviet, markii lasoo gadhay sanadkii 1967 ee doorasho ka dhacday somaliya ayaa waxa madaxweyne kusoo baxay Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke waxana reysalwasaare u magacabay Maxamed ibraahim cigaal oo layimid siyasada ka duwan tii hore ee Cabdirashiid markii uu reysalwasaaraha ahaa, maxamed ibraahim cigaal waxa uu heshiis nabadeed lagalay dawalda Keny heshiiskas oo looyaqanay (ARUSHA agreement) sanadkii 1968, sidokle reysalwasaare Maxamed ibraahim cigaal wax uu Ethiopia lagalay wadahadalo isagoo ugu baqay nabad iyo daris wanag, waxakale oo xusid mudan in uu reysalwasaare Maxamed Ibraahim Cigaal uu xirirkii rer galbeedka iyo Somaliya uu dib usoo celiayay gar'ahaan mareykanka iyo ingiriis-ka oo hore xirirka loogu jaray, tanina waxa ay walaac iyo walbahar ku abuurtay midowgii Soviet ee xirirka kala dhaxeyay Somaliya waana sababtii keentay ayaa la'oran kara dilkii madaxweynihii Somaliya Cabdirashiid cali sharmarke 1969 wadankana uu lawareego maxamed siyad Barre oo ahaa talyihii ciidamada Somaliya ee waqtigaas sidokalena kayimid wasaradda gashandhiga oo lagu tuhmaayo midowgii Soviet.

Qalalasihii Congo DRC iyo doorkii mareykanka iyo dilkii reysalwasaarihii Patric lumumba

 

Wadanka Congo DRC ee loyaqan Democratic republic of Congo waa wadan juquraafi ahaan kuyaala badh-tamaha qarada Africa waana wadanka ugu khayraadka badan guud ahaan wadamada Africa, sanadkii 1960 ayaa Congo DRC xornimada ka qadatay gumeystihii Belgium mudo yar kadib Congo DRC waxaa hareeyay qalalase siyasaded oo udhaxeyay reysalwasaarihii wadanka Patric lumumba iyo madaxweynihisi Joseph Kasa-vubu, mudo kadib ayaa waxa uu reysalwasaare Patric lumumba uu midowgii Soviet weydistay kaalmo sanad ciidan ah si uu wadanka gacan ugu dhigo ugana hortago faragalintii uu kuhaya Belgium, nasiib wanag midowgii Soviet waa uu cawiyay Patric lumumba, waxa jiray sidokale halgal ay qaramada midoobe gadhwadeen ay ka ahayd kasoo ciidamo nabad ilaalin ah logu dirayay Congo DRC, halkaas waxa hogaaminayay xoghayihii qaramad midoobe Dag Hammarskjöld ka soo shil diyaraded ku dhintay sanadkii 1961 mar uu kadulayay garoon kuyaalay Congo DRC,

 

Patric lumumba 

Patric lumumba wax uu ahaa sida tariikhdu ay sheegayso halyay geesi ah oo hurmuud u ahaa dhaqdhaqaqii looyaqanay (Pan-africnism) wax uuna ahaa abihii xornimada Congo DRC wax uuna dagaal qadhadh dhexmaray gumeystihii Belgium, sanadkii 1961 ayaa inqilaab ka dhacay Congo DRC kaaso uu hogaaminayay talyihii ciidamada Mabuto Sese Seko waxa uuna xidhay reysalwasaarihii wadanka Patric lumumba oo uu markii danbe dilay kadibna wadanka la-wareegay oo qabsaday, Mabuto seseko wax uu xukumayay Congo DRC ilaa iyo 20 sano oo kali-talisnimo ah wadanka wax uu gadhsiyay heer uu magacii kabadalo oo uu ubixiyo (Republic of Zaire)

Geeridii iyo dilkii reysalwasaarihii Congo DRC Patric lumumba wax ay aad usameysan dunida oodhan gar'ahaan qarada Africa, AUN abwankii iyo hesaagi weynaa ee cabdilaahi qarshe ayaa geeridii Patric lumumba ka yidhi "lamumb manoola mana dhimane muuqisa lawaayo moyaane inuu maqan yahay hamoodin"